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Taxonomy of wheat
During 10,000 years of cultivation, numerous forms of wheat have evolved under human selection. This diversity has led to much confusion in the naming of wheats. This article explains how genetic and morphological characteristics of wheat influence its classification, and gives the most common botanical names of wheat in current use (see Table of wheat species). Information on the cultivation and uses of wheat is at the main wheat page.
==''Aegilops'' and ''Triticum''==
The genus ''Triticum'' includes the wild and domesticated species usually thought of as wheat.
In the 1950s growing awareness of the genetic similarity of the wild goatgrasses (''Aegilops'') led some botanists to amalgamate ''Aegilops'' and ''Triticum'' as one genus, ''Triticum''. This approach is still followed by some (mainly geneticists), but has not been widely adopted by taxonomists. ''Aegilops'' is morphologically highly distinct from ''Triticum'', with rounded glumes rather than keeled glumes.
''Aegilops'' is important in wheat evolution because of its role in two important hybridisation events. Wild emmer (''T. dicoccoides'' and ''T. araraticum'') resulted from the hybridisation of a wild wheat, ''T. urartu'', and an as yet unidentified goatgrass, probably similar to ''Ae. speltoides''. Hexaploid wheats (e.g. ''T. aestivum'' and ''T. spelta'') are the result of a hybridisation between a domesticated tetraploid wheat, probably ''T. dicoccum'' or ''T. durum'', and another goatgrass, ''Ae. tauschii'' (also known as ''Ae. squarrosa'').
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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